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Phytophthora spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Fusarium spp., Sclerotium spp.
 
        Damping off occurs when vulnerable seeds or seedlings are attacked by various species of oomycetes (aka water moulds) or fungi, causing them to collapse, rot and die. Both types of organism spread via spores, which are often splashed onto neighbouring plants by rain, or wind-blown.
Damping off pathogens prefer moist, poorly drained soils and happily survive on decaying organic matter. Many are non-selective and will attack a wide variety of plants.
Damping off is usually encountered during warm, humid weather, but it’s worsened by overcrowded seedlings, excess moisture and poor ventilation.
 
        Seeds may fail to germinate, or rot in the soil. Patchy germination that leaves distinct gaps in your seed tray suggest damping off pathogens may be the culprit.
Seedlings can collapse and die immediately after they emerge from the soil. A common symptom is when healthy-seeming seedlings suddenly develop water-soaked or sunken thready-looking lesions on their stems, then flop over and die.
 
         
        
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